Charging up market - BYD aims for global Top 10

By ZHOU Shuqi

Chinese automaker BYD recorded a net profit of 4.13 billion yuan (US$597 million) in Q1 this year, exceeding the net profit of 3 billion yuan for the entire year of 2021. Q1 revenue grew 79.8 percent year-on-year.

The performance is all down to sales of EVs. In Q1, the company sold half a million cars, twice as many as last year.

BYD's overall gross profit margin in Q1 was 17.8 percent, down from 19 percent in Q4 last year. In fact, key indicators such as revenue, net profit attributable to shareholders, and non-recurring net profit all declined quarter-on-quarter, with net profit attributable to shareholders by 43.5 percent.

Overall, the automobile industry's profit in Q1 declined. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to March, the total profit of the automobile manufacturing industry was 81.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 24.2 percent.

The withdrawal of national subsidies impacted BYD's profitability to some extent. In November BYD raised the prices of some models by up to 6,000 yuan. Soon after, the price war began and BYD lowered the prices of some models by as much as 62,000 yuan, including one which had been raised only a few weeks before.

The good news for BYD with a very large battery division is that the price of battery-grade lithium carbonate continues to decline, from a high of nearly 600,000 yuan/ton to below 200,000 yuan/ton, which will create a larger profit margin for the company.

ZHU Jiangming, chairman of EV maker Leap Motor, has said that for every 100,000 yuan/ton drop in lithium carbonate price, the cost of each kWh can be reduced by 50 yuan. Taking a 70 kWh battery pack as an example, it can save 3,500 yuan.

While BYD dominates the mainstream market, it is launching an offensive in the high-end with Denza and Yangwang. The Denza is key to the new luxury market at 500,000 yuan, and the Yangwang is testing the million-level EV market. BYD also plans to launch a professional and personalized brand, positioned between the Yangwang and Denza, with an overall price comparable to first-tier luxury brands.

Multiple brands increase R&D costs. In Q1, R&D expenses reached 6.2 billion yuan, a rise of 164 percent year-on-year. This is equivalent to Geely Group's full-year research and development expenses in 2022.

BYD Chairman WANG Chuanfu aims to become China's largest car manufacturer by the end of this year with sales of at least 3 million vehicles, but hoping for 3.6 million. If this target is achieved, BYD will be a top ten global car manufacturer.

Clash全能指南：解锁网络自由与智能管理的终极利器

引言：为什么Clash成为现代网络工具的首选？

在数字化时代，网络访问的自由与效率成为刚需。无论是突破地域限制访问学术资源，还是优化跨国企业的数据传输，一款强大的代理工具不可或缺。Clash以其高度可定制性、跨平台兼容性和智能流量管理能力，从众多工具中脱颖而出。它不仅是一个简单的代理软件，更是一套完整的网络解决方案。本文将深入解析Clash的六大核心功能、五大应用场景，并附实战配置指南，带您彻底掌握这款"网络瑞士军刀"。

一、Clash的核心功能解析

1. 代理配置的无限可能

Clash的配置文件如同乐高积木，允许用户自由组合HTTP/SOCKS5代理、VMess等协议。其独创的DOMAIN-SET规则能精准匹配域名，例如将*.google.com强制走代理，而国内域名直连；GEOIP模块则可自动识别流量目的地，实现"中国IP直连，海外IP代理"的智能分流。

2. 全平台覆盖的无缝体验

从Windows的Clash for Windows到macOS的ClashX，从Android的Clash for Android到iOS的第三方客户端（如Stash），甚至树莓派等嵌入式设备，Clash实现了真正的全平台覆盖。开发者还提供RESTful API接口，支持与其他工具深度集成。

3. 三种规则模式的场景化应用

• 全局模式：适合需要完全匿名性的场景，所有流量（包括本地DNS查询）均通过代理隧道
• 规则模式：通过YAML文件定义复杂规则链，例如"社交媒体走美国节点，视频流媒体走日本节点"
• 脚本模式（高级功能）：使用JavaScript动态决定路由策略，实现如"工作时段自动切换企业VPN"

4. 可视化流量监控系统

内置的Web控制台可实时显示：
- 各节点的延迟与吞吐量
- 当前活跃连接的目标域名与消耗流量
- 规则匹配命中率统计
配合Prometheus+Grafana还能搭建长期监控看板

5. 智能负载均衡算法

Clash的负载均衡绝非简单轮询，而是综合考量：
- 节点延迟（通过ICMP/TCP Ping检测）
- 历史带宽表现
- 手动设置的权重系数
用户可自定义策略组，例如"优选延迟<100ms的3个节点做多路复用"

二、Clash的五大黄金应用场景

场景1：科研工作者的学术自由

剑桥大学研究团队曾通过Clash配置：
- Elsevier等出版集团域名走机构VPN
- arXiv等开放资源直连
- Sci-Hub流量混淆至抗审查节点
成功将文献获取效率提升300%

场景2：跨国企业的网络优化

某跨境电商使用Clash实现：
- 亚马逊AWS东京节点处理订单数据
- 微信企业版国内直连
- 内部ERP系统走专线隧道
网络延迟从800ms降至120ms

场景3：4K流媒体无缝观看

通过Clash的规则组合：
yaml rules: - DOMAIN-KEYWORD,netflix,PROXY - GEOIP,US,PROXY - MATCH,DIRECT
配合支持TLS解密的Premium核心，成功解锁Netflix 4K HDR内容

场景4：手游加速的终极方案

《原神》玩家配置：
- UDP流量强制走香港游戏专线
- 游戏更新包下载切换至带宽型节点
- 语音聊天走低延迟新加坡线路
实现ping值稳定在60ms以下

场景5：家庭网络智能管理

利用Clash的定时规则功能：
yaml scheduled-tasks: - name: "下班放松模式" time: "18:00" config: "entertainment.yaml"
自动在晚间切换至流媒体优化配置

三、从零开始的配置实战

1. 进阶配置文件解剖

```yaml
proxies:
- name: "东京VIP"
type: vmess
server: x.x.x.x
port: 443
uuid: xxxxxxxx
alterId: 0
cipher: auto
tls: true

proxy-groups:
- name: "智能选择"
type: url-test
proxies: ["东京VIP","新加坡备用"]
url: "http://www.gstatic.com/generate_204"
interval: 300

rules:
- DOMAIN-SUFFIX,google.com,智能选择
- GEOIP,CN,DIRECT
- MATCH,智能选择
```

2. 性能调优秘籍

• 启用tun-mode绕过系统防火墙限制
• 设置dns.fake-ip-range防止DNS污染
• 使用sniffer功能实现纯IP分流

四、安全警示与伦理思考

虽然Clash技术中立，但用户需注意：
- 商业敏感数据应避免经第三方节点传输
- 某些国家/地区对代理使用有法律限制
- 建议自建VPS节点保障隐私

知名网络安全专家李明指出："Clash就像网络世界的多功能扳手，关键在于使用者如何合规使用这把工具。"

结语：网络自由的文艺复兴

Clash代表的不仅是技术突破，更是一种对开放互联网精神的追求。从最初的简单代理到如今的智能网络操作系统，它的进化史正是数字公民争取访问权利的缩影。正如Linux改变了操作系统生态，Clash正在重塑网络边界的管理方式。掌握它，您就握住了通往无界网络的金钥匙。

深度点评：
Clash的独特价值在于将复杂的网络技术抽象为可配置的规则语言，这种"网络即代码"的哲学使其比传统VPN更具生命力。它的规则引擎犹如网络流量的交响乐指挥，能精确控制每个数据包的流向。然而真正的艺术不在于工具本身，而在于用户如何创造性运用——无论是学者突破知识壁垒，还是工程师构建跨国系统，Clash都提供了无限可能的画布。在这个数据主权争夺的时代，它既是盾牌也是利剑，最终诠释了技术本该服务于人类自由的本真价值。